Concorrência e sustentabilidade: critérios aplicados na análise de acordos de sustentabilidade entre concorrentes
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Objetivo: este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para a discussão sobre a análise concorrencial de acordos de sustentabilidade entre concorrentes, identificando e examinando a posição de diversas autoridades concorrenciais sobre o assunto. A hipótese é que os órgãos de defesa da concorrência têm abordado o tema de forma esparsa e, quando o fazem, ainda não apresentam critérios adaptados aos desafios econômicos do problema ambiental, especialmente no que se refere à quantificação dos benefícios.
Método: foram mapeados diferentes documentos de 29 jurisdições, com o objetivo de determinar quantas e quais autoridades já se posicionaram sobre o tema e quais critérios estão sendo aplicados na análise.
Conclusões: os dados coletados indicam que apenas 13 das 29 jurisdições analisadas expressaram uma posição sobre o assunto, com diferentes perspectivas coexistindo entre as jurisdições. Identificamos orientações fragmentadas e uma dependência constante de ferramentas tradicionais de bem-estar do consumidor, que apresentam gargalos para a consideração de externalidades ambientais. Nossa análise identifica cinco critérios recorrentes e não cumulativos de análise entre as jurisdições: (i) prevenção da troca de informações sensíveis; (ii) participação voluntária e possibilidade de adesão de terceiros; (iii) limitações na participação de mercado combinada dos participantes e na cobertura de mercado; (iv) limitações de tempo nos acordos; e (v) preservação de outros aspectos competitivos. Também identificamos abordagens emergentes, porém esparsas, sobre benefícios coletivos e externos aos mercado relevante. Ao mapear esses exemplos, este artigo busca esclarecer o panorama regulatório atual e oferecer uma base estruturada para ajudar a reduzir a insegurança jurídica e promover colaborações sustentáveis.
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